A
The development of overseas trade between West Africa and Europe
B
The establishment of regular trade contacts between Europe and the Americas
C
The decline of Venetian control of the trade in Asian luxury goods
D
The establishment of direct overseas trade links between India and Europe
Answer: A
A
It led to the integration of European merchants into the Indian Ocean economy.
B
It brought about the complete destruction of Muslim-controlled trade routes in the Indian Ocean.
C
It spurred the Mughal Empire to invest resources in becoming a major naval power.
D
It catalyzed the adoption of new European naval technology by states throughout the Indian Ocean basin.
Answer: A
A
Lack of the necessary navigational and maritime technology
B
Lack of European interest in African goods
C
Directives from the pope to limit trade between Christians and Africans
D
Fear of death from tropical diseases
Answer: A
A
Lack of the necessary navigational and maritime technology
B
Lack of European interest in African goods
C
A prohibition on external trade by the Islamic states of North Africa
D
Directives from the pope to limit Christian trade with Africa
E
Fear of dying from tropical diseases
Answer: A
A
Mandarin had replaced Cantonese as the primary spoken language in southern China.
B
Migrations and commercial contacts led to the use of printing in southern China.
C
Portuguese merchants had established trading posts in southern China.
D
Portuguese had replaced Arabic and Persian as the language of trade in southern China.
Answer: C
A
The trading posts in both regions were intended to prevent economic collapse following the disintegration of powerful local empires.
B
The trading posts in both regions were intended to facilitate commercial cooperation between European states.
C
The trading posts in both regions were intended to facilitate the transfer of slaves to the Americas.
D
The trading posts in both regions were intended to allow the Portuguese to control access to heavily trafficked maritime routes.
Answer: D
A
They succeeded despite receiving little support from their respective state governments.
B
They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.
C
They were ended after encountering violent resistance from Portuguese and Spanish naval forces.
D
They helped convince western European monarchies to abandon mercantilist policies in favor of free-trade policies.
Answer: B
A
The establishment of an effective Hindu-Muslim alliance that successfully resisted the Portuguese in India
B
The conquest of large areas of the Indian interior by the Portuguese
C
An influx of precious metals to Europe that caused price inflation
D
The creation of a Portuguese trading-post empire
Answer: D
A
They encouraged many governments to expand the use of coerced labor in Europe.
B
They led to the rapid spread of epidemic diseases such as smallpox.
C
They greatly increased interest in transoceanic travel and trade in other European countries.
D
They led to the introduction of new staple crops such as sugar.
Answer: C
A
the impetus of missionizing religions
B
understanding of currents and wind patterns
C
the political consolidation of newly conquered regions into empires
D
innovations in ship design that originated in Europe
Answer: B
A
The compass
B
Silk weaving
C
Steam power
D
The stirrup
Answer: A
A
The relative number of ships produced by the Hangzhou shipyards and the Genoese shipyards
B
The beginning of a long period of Chinese domination of Indian Ocean trade
C
The meting of Vasco de Gama and Zheng He
D
The relative size of the European caravel and the Ming treasure ship
E
The use of the lateen sail
Answer: D
Answer: The Ottoman army increasingly relied on the contributions of the Janissary corps, which was mostly composed of soldiers of non-Turkic origin.
Answer: The creation of a new political and economic elite in the immediate aftermath of the European conquest.
Answer: Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II
Answer: He's impressed by Akbar's open-mindedness and curiosity.
Answer: Akbar showed tolerance of and interest in a variety of religions.
Answer: The increasing expansion and centralization of state power
Answer: the conflicts in Japan during the Heian period in which feudal lords controlled the lives of the serfs.
Answer: They had a tradition of being fierce warriors.