The Westernized diet has caused many Japanese to become overweight. This is an example of _____ change.

The Westernized diet has caused many Japanese to become overweight. This is an example of _____ change.

A. top-down

B. planned

C. central

D. unplanned

E. bottom-up


Answer: D. unplanned

Nexar Energy is advocating the use of solar power to replace all petroleum-based energy sources. The company holds demonstrations to show how solar power could be used in all major petroleum-based products—automobiles, power sources, and heating and cooling. Nexar Energy is employing a strategy of _____, a deliberate attempt to change the way we do things with respect to energy sources.

Nexar Energy is advocating the use of solar power to replace all petroleum-based energy sources. The company holds demonstrations to show how solar power could be used in all major petroleum-based products—automobiles, power sources, and heating and cooling. Nexar Energy is employing a strategy of _____, a deliberate attempt to change the way we do things with respect to energy sources.

A. unplanned change

B. planned change

C. parallel change

D. syncopated change

E. synergistic change


Answer: B. planned change

Morton Foods has decided to introduce a new line of turkey products to the American consumer. Turkey steaks resemble beefsteak in taste but are made from turkey meat, and are leaner and healthier for a variety of reasons. However, the company is concerned that the product will not be accepted in America. If Morton Foods follows a strategy of _____, they are more likely to have a successful introduction of the new product.

Morton Foods has decided to introduce a new line of turkey products to the American consumer. Turkey steaks resemble beefsteak in taste but are made from turkey meat, and are leaner and healthier for a variety of reasons. However, the company is concerned that the product will not be accepted in America. If Morton Foods follows a strategy of _____, they are more likely to have a successful introduction of the new product.

A. unplanned change

B. cultural adiaphora

C. cultural syncopation

D. cultural congruence

E. continuous change


Answer: D. cultural congruence

The first step in bringing about planned change in a society is to:

The first step in bringing about planned change in a society is to:

A. determine which cultural factors conflict with an innovation.

B. create a resistance to the cultural factor hindering acceptance.

C. wait for eventual cultural changes that prove their innovations of value to the culture.

D. market the products similar to ones already on the market.

E. leave acceptance to a strategy of unplanned change.


Answer: A. determine which cultural factors conflict with an innovation.

Marketing strategy is judged culturally in terms of _____.

Marketing strategy is judged culturally in terms of _____.

A. inclusion or exclusion

B. cultural intensity or cultural sublimity

C. acceptance, resistance, or rejection

D. sensitivity to the hidden aspects of culture in a society

E. speed, intensity, and degree of change required


Answer: C. acceptance, resistance, or rejection

The strategy of _____ deliberately sets out to change those aspects of the culture offering resistance to predetermined marketing goals.

The strategy of _____ deliberately sets out to change those aspects of the culture offering resistance to predetermined marketing goals.

A. planned change

B. top-down change

C. guerilla marketing

D. differentiated marketing

E. disruptive marketing


Answer: A. planned change

____ refers to a strategy that involves marketing products similar to ones already on the market thereby minimizing resistance.

____ refers to a strategy that involves marketing products similar to ones already on the market thereby minimizing resistance.

A. Flank attack

B. Cultural congruence

C. Guerilla marketing

D. Lateral marketing

E. Culture equalization


Answer: B. Cultural congruence

Modern medicine has thrived in the United States together with the use of herbal remedies from South America. This is an example of:

Modern medicine has thrived in the United States together with the use of herbal remedies from South America. This is an example of:

A. cultural ombudsmanship.

B. cultural congruence.

C. cultural hegemony.

D. cultural sensitivity.

E. cultural borrowing.


Answer: E. cultural borrowing.

With regard to resistance to change, observations indicate that those innovations most readily accepted are those that:

With regard to resistance to change, observations indicate that those innovations most readily accepted are those that:

A. cater to the values of the predominant religion of the society.

B. propagate faith in a set of beliefs different from the existing beliefs.

C. are apathetic to the existing cultural beliefs.

D. hold the greatest interest within the society and those that are least disruptive.

E. offer some insight into the aesthetics of the existing culture.


Answer: D. hold the greatest interest within the society and those that are least disruptive.

Which of the following is the most important factor in determining what kind and how much of an innovation will be accepted by a culture?

Which of the following is the most important factor in determining what kind and how much of an innovation will be accepted by a culture?

A. The time required for the change to occur.

B. The number of people that could be benefited.

C. The degree of interest in the particular subject.

D. The power or authority of the change agent.

E. The financial impact, immediate and long-term, of accepting the change.


Answer: C. The degree of interest in the particular subject.

To the foreign marketer, the similar-but-different feature of cultures has important meaning in gaining cultural _____.

To the foreign marketer, the similar-but-different feature of cultures has important meaning in gaining cultural _____.

A. tolerance

B. acceptance

C. leverage

D. empathy

E. heritage


Answer: D. empathy

_____ is a responsible effort to learn from others' cultural ways in the quest for better solutions to a society's particular problems.

_____ is a responsible effort to learn from others' cultural ways in the quest for better solutions to a society's particular problems.

A. Acculturation

B. Cultural borrowing

C. Cultural sensitivity

D. Cultural aestheticism

E. Cultural assimilation


Answer: B. Cultural borrowing

____ refers to being attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively, evaluated, and appreciated.

____ refers to being attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively, evaluated, and appreciated.

A. Cultural integration

B. Acculturation

C. Counter culture

D. Cultural sensitivity

E. Culture transfer


Answer: D. Cultural sensitivity

Based on Richard Nisbett's metaphor involving Confucius's worthy picture, what is his analysis regarding the thought process or perceptual process of Westerners?

Based on Richard Nisbett's metaphor involving Confucius's worthy picture, what is his analysis regarding the thought process or perceptual process of Westerners?

A. Westerners can provide great details about central figures but see relatively little in the background.

B. Westerners observe things sequentially, thus fail to comprehend the larger picture.

C. Westerners are good at observing details but fail to comprehend the central message.

D. Westerners prefer larger than life figures to convey messages.

E. Westerners tend to focus on the brighter colors in the image and fail to see the lines and finer drawings.


Answer: A. Westerners can provide great details about central figures but see relatively little in the background.

Feng shui is a Chinese ____, considered to be the process that links humans and the universe to ch'i, the energy that sustains life and flows through our bodies and surroundings, in and around our homes and workplaces.

Feng shui is a Chinese ____, considered to be the process that links humans and the universe to ch'i, the energy that sustains life and flows through our bodies and surroundings, in and around our homes and workplaces.

A. illusion

B. ritual

C. belief

D. symbol

E. myth


Answer: B. belief

The aesthetics of a culture must be taken into account by marketers when:

The aesthetics of a culture must be taken into account by marketers when:

A. styling the product and its packaging.

B. determining the linguistic distance of a culture.

C. assessing if a culture is individualistic or collectivistic.

D. trying to quantify the influence media has on the culture.

E. trying to comply with the rituals of a culture.


Answer: A. styling the product and its packaging.

Linguistic distance is an important factor that helps in determining differences in values across countries and the amount of trade between countries because:

Linguistic distance is an important factor that helps in determining differences in values across countries and the amount of trade between countries because:

A. the closer the languages the tougher the interactions.

B. crossing "wider" language differences increases transaction costs.

C. the more distant a language from the other, the more valuable the brand becomes in the new territory.

D. major languages have "syntactical superiority" over minor languages that help in brand positioning.

E. a 'neutral' language is required to address the differences arising out of linguistic distances.


Answer: B. crossing "wider" language differences increases transaction costs.

In the context of the relationship between language and international marketing, recent studies indicate that a new concept, _____, is proving useful to marketing researchers in market segmentation and strategic entry decisions.

In the context of the relationship between language and international marketing, recent studies indicate that a new concept, _____, is proving useful to marketing researchers in market segmentation and strategic entry decisions.

A. paralinguistics

B. linguistic distance

C. language parallels

D. language roots

E. linguistic accents


Answer: B. linguistic distance

In some parts of the world, language is itself thought of as a social institution, often with political importance. Which of the following countries best exemplifies the above statement?

In some parts of the world, language is itself thought of as a social institution, often with political importance. Which of the following countries best exemplifies the above statement?

A. Australia

B. United States

C. France

D. Mexico

E. Switzerland


Answer: C. france

The anthropologist, Edward T. Hall tells us that culture is:

The anthropologist, Edward T. Hall tells us that culture is:

A. all-encompassing.

B. relatively minor in the scheme of life.

C. communication.

D. strongly linked to physiology.

E. standard throughout the world.


Answer: C. communication