Bonita prides herself on being a smart shopper who always plans her purchases. Yet, today, Bonita saw a coat in a department store and bought it on the spot though it was expensive. Because of her impulsive purchase, Bonita is likely to feel some ________.

Bonita prides herself on being a smart shopper who always plans her purchases. Yet, today, Bonita saw a coat in a department store and bought it on the spot though it was expensive. Because of her impulsive purchase, Bonita is likely to feel some ________.

a. confirmation bias
b. cognitive dissonance
c. confirmation bias
d. subliminal perception


Answer: b. cognitive dissonance

Which of the following is most likely to be true of extensive decision making?

Which of the following is most likely to be true of extensive decision making?

a. Consumers usually stick with one brand though they are familiar with alternatives.
b. The information search is predominantly internal.
c. Consumers spend little time on search and decision before making a purchase.
d. The products purchased tend to be expensive and infrequently bought.


Answer: d. The products purchased tend to be expensive and infrequently bought.

The process by which a consumer notices certain stimuli but ignores others is called ________.

The process by which a consumer notices certain stimuli but ignores others is called ________.

a. stimulus generalization
b. selective motivation
c. selective exposure
d. stimulus generalization


Answer: c. selective exposure

Which of the following statements about family life cycle is true?

Which of the following statements about family life cycle is true?

a. A person's place in the family life cycle is the same regardless of the person's age.
b. Many marketers are still wary of targeting nontraditional families.
c. The family life cycle is reflected in the lifestyle of an individual.
d. Marketers have no need to be aware of nontraditional lifestyle paths.


Answer: d. Marketers have no need to be aware of nontraditional lifestyle paths.

A reference group with which people interact regularly in an informal, face-to-face manner, such as family and friends, is known as a(n) ________.

A reference group with which people interact regularly in an informal, face-to-face manner, such as family and friends, is known as a(n) ________.

a. nonaspirational reference group
b. secondary membership group
c. primary membership group
d. nonaspirational reference group


Answer: c. primary membership group

Brandon needs a new couch and decides he cannot afford more than $500 for his purchase. As he evaluates alternatives for purchase he automatically eliminates all couches that cost more than $500. Brandon is effectively using ________ to narrow the number of possible choices.

Brandon needs a new couch and decides he cannot afford more than $500 for his purchase. As he evaluates alternatives for purchase he automatically eliminates all couches that cost more than $500. Brandon is effectively using ________ to narrow the number of possible choices.

a. cutoffs
b. categorization
c. brand extensions
d. an internal stimulus


Answer: a. cutoffs

Which of the following is true of routine response behavior?

Which of the following is true of routine response behavior?

a. Routine response behavior is associated with high cost, high involvement goods.
b. Consumers spend time deliberating a new brand in a familiar product category.
c. Routine response behavior is associated with high cost, high involvement goods.
d. Consumers buy first and evaluate later.


Answer: d. Consumers buy first and evaluate later.

Through research, a gum manufacturer learns that long-lasting flavor is the most important attribute for its customers. The manufacturer changes the formula of its gum to meet that criterion. In this case, the marketers have used ________ to better satisfy its target market.

Through research, a gum manufacturer learns that long-lasting flavor is the most important attribute for its customers. The manufacturer changes the formula of its gum to meet that criterion. In this case, the marketers have used ________ to better satisfy its target market.

a. consumer behavior
b. green marketing
c. cause-related marketing
d. promotion strategies


Answer: a. consumer behavior

Jeremiah swears that when he holds a bottle of Mountain Dew up to his mirror, the reflected words "Drink Me" can be seen in the Mountain Dew logo. Jeremiah believes that the marketers at Mountain Dew have engaged in ________.

Jeremiah swears that when he holds a bottle of Mountain Dew up to his mirror, the reflected words "Drink Me" can be seen in the Mountain Dew logo. Jeremiah believes that the marketers at Mountain Dew have engaged in ________.

a. selective exposure
b. subliminal perception
c. stimulus generalization
d. selective distortion


Answer: b. subliminal perception

_______ is a form of learning that occurs when one response is extended to a second stimulus similar to the first.

_______ is a form of learning that occurs when one response is extended to a second stimulus similar to the first.

a. Stimulus discrimination
b. Selective distortion
c. Selective distortion
d. Stimulus generalization


Answer: d. Stimulus generalization

When buying frequently purchased, low-cost goods and services that require little search and decision time, consumers are most likely to exhibit:

When buying frequently purchased, low-cost goods and services that require little search and decision time, consumers are most likely to exhibit:

a. routine response behavior.
b. extensive decision making.
c. extensive decision making.
d. fully planned decision making.


Answer: a. routine response behavior.

According to Maslow's hierarchy, the highest human need is ________.

According to Maslow's hierarchy, the highest human need is ________.

a. safety
b. self-esteem
c. self-actualization
d. romantic love


Answer: c. self-actualization

Which of the following statements about family life cycle is true?

Which of the following statements about family life cycle is true?

a. The family life cycle is reflected in the lifestyle of an individual.
b. Marketers have no need to be aware of nontraditional lifestyle paths.
c. A person's place in the family life cycle is the same regardless of the person's age.
d. Many marketers are still wary of targeting nontraditional families.


Answer: d. Many marketers are still wary of targeting nontraditional families.

A ________ is a group of people who are considered nearly equal in status or community esteem, who regularly socialize among themselves, and who share behavioral norms.

A ________ is a group of people who are considered nearly equal in status or community esteem, who regularly socialize among themselves, and who share behavioral norms.

a. social class
b. reference group
c. reference group
d. subculture


Answer: a. social class

Which of the following is the best example of a marketing-controlled information source?

Which of the following is the best example of a marketing-controlled information source?

a. Personal experiences
b. Sales people
c. Friends and coworkers
d. Product rating organizations


Answer: b. Sales people (Marketing-controlled information sources include mass media advertising, sales promotion, salespeople, product labels and packaging, and the Internet.)

Peter is looking to buy an HDTV but is confused about which one is the best. So he asks his friends who have recently purchased HDTVs for their opinions. In this case, Peter is using his ________ to evaluate various alternatives available to him.

Peter is looking to buy an HDTV but is confused about which one is the best. So he asks his friends who have recently purchased HDTVs for their opinions. In this case, Peter is using his ________ to evaluate various alternatives available to him.

a. primary membership group
b. a marketing-controlled information source
c. internal stimuli
d. opinion leaders


Answer: a. primary membership group

Which of the following are members of Konrad's secondary membership group?

Which of the following are members of Konrad's secondary membership group?

a. The members of Konrad's church
b. Konrad's congressional and senatorial representatives
c. Konrad's congressional and senatorial representatives
d. The members of the Biltmore Country Club, which Konrad hopes to join one day


Answer: a. The members of Konrad's church.

______ is the result of an imbalance between actual and desired states that arouses and activates the consumer decision-making process.

______ is the result of an imbalance between actual and desired states that arouses and activates the consumer decision-making process.

a. Evaluation of alternatives
b. Self-actualization
c. Information search
d. Need recognition


Answer: d. Need recognition

Remembering only information that supports personal feelings or beliefs is called ________ .

Remembering only information that supports personal feelings or beliefs is called ________ .

a. self-actualization
b. cognitive dissonance
c. subliminal perception
d. selective retention


Answer: d. selective retention

Ira believes that Dahlia soap is creamy. When she sees Dahlia shampoo at the store, she purchases it as she believes it will be creamy as well. In this example, ________ has occurred in the transaction.

Ira believes that Dahlia soap is creamy. When she sees Dahlia shampoo at the store, she purchases it as she believes it will be creamy as well. In this example, ________ has occurred in the transaction.

a. stimulus generalization
b. self-actualization
c. product differentiation
d. selective distortion


Answer: a. stimulus generalization