Which of the following is true about import controls?
a.
Nontariff barriers like voluntary restraint agreements are self-imposed restrictions and cutbacks aimed at avoiding punitive trade actions from the host.
b.
Import controls generally exact a small price from domestic consumers.
c.
The social cost of import controls benefits the economy in all situations.
d.
Import controls improve the productivity of an industry, provide it with a level of safety and a cushion of increased income, and lead the drive for technological advancement.
Answer: A