In 1982, astronauts working on the lunar surface wore liquid-cooled garments under their space suits to protect them from temperatures approaching 250 °F. These garments, further developed and refined by NASA's Johnson Space Center, are among the agency's most widely used spinoffs, with adaptations for portable cooling systems for treatment of medical ailments such as burning limb syndrome, multiple sclerosis, spinal injuries, and sports injuries. Which environmental force enabled the adaptations for portable cooling systems to aid medical patients?

In 1982, astronauts working on the lunar surface wore liquid-cooled garments under their space suits to protect them from temperatures approaching 250 °F. These garments, further developed and refined by NASA's Johnson Space Center, are among the agency's most widely used spinoffs, with adaptations for portable cooling systems for treatment of medical ailments such as burning limb syndrome, multiple sclerosis, spinal injuries, and sports injuries. Which environmental force enabled the adaptations for portable cooling systems to aid medical patients?


a. technological

b. economic

c. competitive

d. sociocultural


Answer: a. technological


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