The Xtreme Football League (XFL) was launched in 2001 by Vince McMahon, chairman of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was designed to provide professional football to American sports fans in the months after the conclusion of the National Football League (NFL) season. In spite of heavy promotion, lots of advertising, and a national network television contract, the XFL was a classic product failure, largely because the quality of play was not good enough to satisfy most football fans. The league evaporated after one season. This type of failure refutes the frequent claim of critics that advertising:
a.
Makes people materialistic
b.
Elevates the wrong values
c.
Manipulates consumers to buy anything a company chooses to produce
d.
Leads to higher prices
e.
All of these alternatives are correct
Answer: Manipulates consumers to buy anything a company chooses to produce