In the LLL framework, _____ refers to an emerging MNE's ability to identify and bridge gaps in its market.

In the LLL framework, _____ refers to an emerging MNE's ability to identify and bridge gaps in its market.

a. leverage
b. learning
c. linkage
d. location


Answer: c. linkage

A recent survey revealed that more than nine out of ten people prefer a watch made by firms in Switzerland to one made in India or U.S.A or any other country. This is an example of _____.

A recent survey revealed that more than nine out of ten people prefer a watch made by firms in Switzerland to one made in India or U.S.A or any other country. This is an example of _____.

a. benchmarking
b. the country-of-origin effect
c. agglomeration
d. the liability of foreignness


Answer: b. the country-of-origin effect

The country-of-origin effect refers to _____.

The country-of-origin effect refers to _____.

a. the inherent disadvantages foreign firms experience in home countries
b. the positive or negative perception of firms and products from a certain country
c. only the negative perception of firms and products from a certain country
d. the inherent advantages domestic firms experience in their home countries


Answer: b. the positive or negative perception of firms and products from a certain country

Greenfield operations are similar to acquisitions in that they are both examples of _____.

Greenfield operations are similar to acquisitions in that they are both examples of _____.

a. partially owned subsidiaries
b. non-equity mode of entry into foreign markets
c. wholly owned subsidiaries
d. equity mode of entry into foreign markets limited to a contractual agreement


Answer: c. wholly owned subsidiaries

A greenfield operation refers to _____.

A greenfield operation refers to _____.

a. a wholly owned subsidiary created by acquisition
b. an outsourcing agreement in R&D between firms
c. a wholly owned subsidiary created by building a new factory and offices from scratch
d. a new corporate entity created and jointly owned by two or more parent companies


Answer: c. a wholly owned subsidiary created by building a new factory and offices from scratch

Co-marketing refers to _____.

Co-marketing refers to _____.

a. a project in which clients pay contractors to market and distribute the product/service
b. efforts among a number of firms to jointly market their products and services
c. outsourcing agreements in marketing between firms
d. selling the rights to intellectual property to another firm for a royalty fee


Answer: b. efforts among a number of firms to jointly market their products and services