From the buyer's viewpoint, in this age of customer value and relationships, the four Ps might be better described as the four A's.

From the buyer's viewpoint, in this age of customer value and relationships, the four Ps might be better described as the four A's.




  • Acceptability is the extent to which the product exceeds customer expectations.
  • Affordability the extent to which customers are willing.
  • Accessibility the extent to which customers can readily acquire the product.
  • Awareness the extent to which customers are informed about the product's features, persuaded to try it, and reminded to repurchase.



The four As relate closely to the traditional four Ps.


  • Product design influences acceptability, 
  • price affects affordability, 
  • place affects accessibility, and 
  • promotion influences awareness.


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