A ________ VMS consists of independent firms at different levels of production and distribution who join together through formal agreements to obtain more economies or sales impact than each could achieve alone.

A ________ VMS consists of independent firms at different levels of production and distribution who join together through formal agreements to obtain more economies or sales impact than each could achieve alone.



A) corporate
B) contingency
C) contractual
D) communal
E) conventional


Answer: C) contractual


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Marketing Chapter 12

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