Some manufacturers have tried to use the brand loyalty of their consumers to force retailers to carry the manufacturers' products and none of their competitors. These manufacturers were trying to force retailers to participate in:

Some manufacturers have tried to use the brand loyalty of their consumers to force retailers to carry the manufacturers' products and none of their competitors. These manufacturers were trying to force retailers to participate in:



A.

resale restriction.


B.

vertical integration.


C.

exclusive dealing.


D.

refusal to deal.



Answer: C


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