Firms that use the same brand name for new products can spend relatively less on marketing costs for the new product because
A. brands protect corporate copyrights.
B. consumer loyalty can be bought for less now compared to the past.
C. brand equity can be obtained only by means of product line depth.
D. people already know what the brand means.
E. well-known brands are less likely to introduce brand extensions.
Answer: D. people already know what the brand means