A vertical marketing system (VMS) in which a single owner operates the entire marketing channel is called a(n) _____ marketing system.

A vertical marketing system (VMS) in which a single owner operates the entire marketing channel is called a(n) _____ marketing system.

A vertical marketing system (VMS) in which a single owner operates the entire marketing channel is called a(n) _____ marketing system.



a. corporate
b. administered
c. contractual
d. community


Answer: A


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