_______ a major application of causal research, in which, prior to launching a new product, elements such as package, price, and promotion are manipulated in a controlled setting in order to predict sales and possible responses to the product.

_______ a major application of causal research, in which, prior to launching a new product, elements such as package, price, and promotion are manipulated in a controlled setting in order to predict sales and possible responses to the product.


A) Surveys are

B) Focus groups are

C) Secondary research is

D) Test marketing is

E) One-on-one interviewing is


Answer: D


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