Which of the following statements about dual distribution is incorrect?
a. It may have an adverse effect on manufacturer-retailer relationships.
b. It can take place when a manufacturer opens it own retail store in a market area when it feels that the current retailers handling the product line are not doing an adequate job.
c. All dual distribution arrangements are illegal.
d. It is legal for a manufacturer to manage a corporately owned vertical marketing system that competes with independent retailers that the manufacturer also supplies.
e. It occurs when a manufacturer sells to independent retailers and also through its own retail outlets.
Answer: C