Environmental forces refer to
a. the internal strengths of a company that enable the firm to remain competitive.
b. the marketing manager's uncontrollable factors—product, price, promotion, and place—that can be used to solve marketing problems.
c. the unpredictable or uncontrollable availability of natural resources that can enhance or restrain a company's growth.
d. the marketing manager's uncontrollable forces in a marketing decision involving social, economic, technological, competitive, and regulatory forces.
e. the marketing manager's controllable forces in a marketing decision involving social, economic, technological, competitive, and regulatory forces.
Answer: D