Dual distribution is characterized as
a) illegal under the Robinson-Patman Act.
b) distribution channels that typically carry exclusive products, such as Rolex watches.
c) marketing environments that are highly competitive.
d) manufacturers that forbid an intermediary to carry products of competing producers.
e) distribution of one manufacturer's product through two or more different channel structures.
Answer: e) distribution of one manufacturer's product through two or more different channel structures.