Pastaliano is a restaurant based in Illinois that exclusively sells Italian food. Pastaliano sells the rights to its recipes to a British firm, Clover Trading, which then opens an outlet in London under the Pastaliano brand name. Which kind of channel arrangement does Pastaliano most likely have with Clover Trading?
A) a horizontal marketing system
B) a direct marketing system
C) an administered vertical marketing system
D) a contractual vertical marketing system
E) a corporate vertical marketing system
Answer: D) a contractual vertical marketing system