Archive for February 2021

The Xtreme Football League (XFL) was launched in 2001 by Vince McMahon, chairman of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was designed to provide professional football to American sports fans in the months after the conclusion of the National Football League (NFL) season. In spite of heavy promotion, lots of advertising, and a national network television contract, the XFL was a classic product failure, largely because the quality of play was not good enough to satisfy most football fans. The league evaporated after one season. This type of failure refutes the frequent claim of critics that advertising:

The Xtreme Football League (XFL) was launched in 2001 by Vince McMahon, chairman of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was designed to provide professional football to American sports fans in the months after the conclusion of the National Football League (NFL) season. In spite of heavy promotion, lots of advertising, and a national network television contract, the XFL was a classic product failure, largely because the quality of play was not good enough to satisfy most football fans. The league evaporated after one season. This type of failure refutes the frequent claim of critics that advertising:



a.

Makes people materialistic


b.

Elevates the wrong values


c.

Manipulates consumers to buy anything a company chooses to produce


d.

Leads to higher prices


e.

All of these alternatives are correct



Answer: Manipulates consumers to buy anything a company chooses to produce

A marketing "performance analysis" is most likely to compare:

A marketing "performance analysis" is most likely to compare:



a.

An individual sales rep's performance to total company sales


b.

A firm's sales with its competitors' sales


c.

Sales by product to sales by territory


d.

Advertising cost to sales


e.

Planned sales with actual sales



Answer: Planned sales with actual sales

A marketing audit:

A marketing audit:


a.

Takes a big view of the business


b.

Evaluates the whole marketing program


c.

May be done internally or externally


d.

Requires a detailed look at the company's current marketing plans


e.

All of these are correct



Answer: All of these are correct

The basic objective of the U.S. market-directed economic system is to:

The basic objective of the U.S. market-directed economic system is to:



a.

Minimize inflation


b.

Satisfy consumer needs as they—the consumers—see them


c.

Provide each person with an equal share of the economic output


d.

Achieve an annual growth rate of at least 10%


e.

Make the most efficient use of the country's resources



Answer: Satisfy consumer needs as they—the consumers—see them

Sam Reuter, marketing manager for Herbal Shampoo Company, has to choose one of three different proposed labels for a new herbal shampoo. How might Sam pretest consumer response to the labels?

Sam Reuter, marketing manager for Herbal Shampoo Company, has to choose one of three different proposed labels for a new herbal shampoo. How might Sam pretest consumer response to the labels?



a.

Put a toll-free telephone number and website address on the product label.


b.

Check the labels of competitors.


c.

Launch the product with new labels and evaluate the response.


d.

Prepare sample labels with graphics software and test them on the Internet.


e.

Set up a tele-video conference.



Answer: Prepare sample labels with graphics software and test them on the Internet.

Godiva, a maker of expensive European chocolates, does not mention price in its magazine advertising. Instead, the ad copy mentions the quality of the ingredients, the fine packaging, and the luxurious boutiques where Godiva chocolates are sold. Godiva seems to be pursuing a pricing objective of:

Godiva, a maker of expensive European chocolates, does not mention price in its magazine advertising. Instead, the ad copy mentions the quality of the ingredients, the fine packaging, and the luxurious boutiques where Godiva chocolates are sold. Godiva seems to be pursuing a pricing objective of:



a.

Meeting competition


b.

Non-price competition


c.

Target return


d.

Growth in market share


e.

None of the above



Answer: Non-price competition

Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) is a producer of food ingredients, sweeteners, cocoa, flours, vegetable oils, and protein products that are used in the manufacture of processed foods. ADM does not make products that are typically sold to final consumers; it makes business-to-business products. However, ADM is a major advertiser on news and public affairs programs that appear on national television networks. The main objective of ADM's television commercials is to build goodwill for the company and to improve relations with current and prospective shareholders. ADM is engaged in:

Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) is a producer of food ingredients, sweeteners, cocoa, flours, vegetable oils, and protein products that are used in the manufacture of processed foods. ADM does not make products that are typically sold to final consumers; it makes business-to-business products. However, ADM is a major advertiser on news and public affairs programs that appear on national television networks. The main objective of ADM's television commercials is to build goodwill for the company and to improve relations with current and prospective shareholders. ADM is engaged in:



a.

Product advertising


b.

Institutional advertising


c.

Pioneering advertising


d.

Competitive advertising


e.

Reminder advertising



Answer: Institutional advertising

As compared to final consumers, organizations:

As compared to final consumers, organizations:



a.

Always focus on economic factors


b.

Have more varied needs, and require more varied marketing mixes


c.

Have needs that are often easier to understand


d.

Always set out detailed information about the performance standards the product must meet when quality is highly standardized


e.

Are usually more emotional in their buying than final consumers



Answer: Have needs that are often easier to understand

Consumer satisfaction:

Consumer satisfaction:



a.

Is a highly reliable standard for evaluating macro-marketing effectiveness


b.

Is easy to measure because it is a highly personal concept


c.

Is the objective of all macro-marketing systems


d.

Depends on consumers' level of expectation


e.

None of these alternatives is correct



Answer: Depends on consumers' level of expectation

All of the following statements about manufacturers are accurate except:

All of the following statements about manufacturers are accurate except:




a.

Large manufacturers are few in number yet produce the highest percentage of value added within the manufacturing industry


b.

Most U.S. factories operate in large metropolitan areas


c.

The greatest growth in manufacturing has occurred in countries where labor is cheap


d.

NAICS codes help marketers classify different types of manufacturing businesses


e.

Manufacturing output in the United States is shrinking



Answer: Manufacturing output in the United States is shrinking

The "contribution-margin approach" to marketing cost analysis:

The "contribution-margin approach" to marketing cost analysis:



a.

Focuses attention on the allocation of fixed costs


b.

Is mainly concerned with the allocation of variable costs


c.

Always leads to the same conclusions as the "full-cost approach"


d.

Is always preferred to the "full-cost approach"


e.

None of the above



Answer: Is mainly concerned with the allocation of variable costs

Provided that a product satisfies customer needs, advertising can:

Provided that a product satisfies customer needs, advertising can:



a.

Manipulate customers into buying a product


b.

Raise the cost of producing a product


c.

Assure a product does not fail


d.

Prevent economies of scale in manufacturing


e.

Increase demand for the product



Answer: Increase demand for the product

In measuring consumer satisfaction, marketing managers should remember that:

In measuring consumer satisfaction, marketing managers should remember that:




a.

Customer satisfaction is a highly personal concept


b.

Consumer expectations and aspirations tend to remain the same over time


c.

Looking at the average level of satisfaction for a whole society provides a precise description of macro-marketing effectiveness


d.

Evaluations of macro-marketing effectiveness are purely objective in that they are based on tabulated survey results


e.

All of these alternatives are correct



Answer: Customer satisfaction is a highly personal concept

The "80/20 rule" says that:

The "80/20 rule" says that:



a.

A company will make a profit of 20% by dealing successfully with 80% of its customers


b.

A profitable company may be getting 80% of its business from 20% of its customers


c.

A company should spend 80/20-400% effort on making customers happy


d.

For every 80 customers, there should be 20 customer service representatives


e.

None of the above



Answer: None of the above

Sales analysis:

Sales analysis:



a.

Requires more information than is available from traditional accounting reports


b.

Can be done in different ways—there is no single "best way"


c.

Often studies how sales patterns change over time


d.

All of these are true



Answer: All of these are true

Alia was satisfied with the old television that she had owned for years. But after watching a few shows on her friend's big, flat-screen, HD television, she felt that she should buy a newer model for herself. Which of the following limitations of macro-marketing effectiveness does this illustrate?

Alia was satisfied with the old television that she had owned for years. But after watching a few shows on her friend's big, flat-screen, HD television, she felt that she should buy a newer model for herself. Which of the following limitations of macro-marketing effectiveness does this illustrate?


a.

Customer satisfaction is easy to measure by means of a survey or a poll.


b.

Customer satisfaction depends on and is relative to individual aspirations.


c.

Customer satisfaction remains unchanged even when levels of expectation rise.


d.

The American Customer Satisfaction Index provides an accurate measure of satisfaction.


e.

The average level of customer satisfaction provides a complete picture for evaluating macro-marketing effectiveness.



Answer: Customer satisfaction depends on and is relative to individual aspirations

Regarding human resources, a good marketing manager knows that:

Regarding human resources, a good marketing manager knows that:



a. All the people affected by a new marketing strategy are under the marketing manager's direct control


b. It is the marketing manager's job to explain a new marketing strategy, what needs to happen, and why


c. Sometimes training must be sacrificed in order to meet objectives for rapid growth


d. There are no human resource challenges involved in the decision to drop a product, a channel of distribution, or a customer


e. All of the above are true



Answer: It is the marketing manager's job to explain a new marketing strategy, what needs to happen, and why

All of the following about multiple regression are true EXCEPT:

All of the following about multiple regression are true EXCEPT:



A) R2 cannot be less than the highest bivariate r2 between an independent variable and the dependent variable.

B) R2 will be larger when the correlations between independent variables are low.

C) If the independent variables are uncorrelated, then R2 will be the sum of the bivariate r2 of each independent variable with the dependent variable.

D) Adjusted R2 adjusts for the number of independent variables and sample size.

E) R2 can decrease as more independent variables are added to the regression equation.



Answer: E

______ is a statistical technique that simultaneously develops a mathematical relationship between two or more independent variables and an interval-scaled dependent variable.

______ is a statistical technique that simultaneously develops a mathematical relationship between two or more independent variables and an interval-scaled dependent variable.



A) Product moment correlation

B) Standard regression

C) Factor analysis

D) Multiple regression

E) Canonical correlation



Answer: D

A technique for fitting a straight line to a scattergram by minimizing the sum of the squares of the vertical distances of all the points from the line is called the ________.

A technique for fitting a straight line to a scattergram by minimizing the sum of the squares of the vertical distances of all the points from the line is called the ________.



A) most-squares procedure

B) analysis of variance

C) least-squares procedure

D) correlation equation

E) vertical minimization algorithm



Answer: C

A procedure for deriving a mathematical relationship, in the form of an equation, between a single metric dependent variable and a single metric independent variable is called ________.

A procedure for deriving a mathematical relationship, in the form of an equation, between a single metric dependent variable and a single metric independent variable is called ________.



A) univariate regression

B) bivariate regression

C) multivariate regression

D) parallel regression

E) pairwise regression



Answer: B

All of the following are true EXCEPT:

All of the following are true EXCEPT:



A) The product moment correlation is denoted by ρ.

B) The coefficient r is an estimator of ρ.

C) The calculation of r assumes X and Y are metric.

D) Data that use rating scales with a small number of categories will tend to under estimate ρ.

E) Data that use rating scales with a small number of categories will tend to over estimate ρ.



Answer: E

Which of the following is (are) true?

Which of the following is (are) true?



A) r2 = explained variation / total variation

B) r2 = SSx / SSy

C) r2 = (total variation - error variation) / total variation

D) r2 = (SSy - SSerror) / SSy

E) All of the above are true.



Answer: E

A statistical technique that describes two or more variables simultaneously and results in tables that reflect the joint distribution of two or more variables that have a limited number of categories or distinct values is called ________.

A statistical technique that describes two or more variables simultaneously and results in tables that reflect the joint distribution of two or more variables that have a limited number of categories or distinct values is called ________.



A) cross-tabulation

B) regression analysis

C) frequency distribution

D) random sampling

E) binary regression



Answer: A

If the distribution is asymmetric, which measure of location is most appropriate if the data is in a nominal scale? If it is in an ordinal scale? If it is in an interval or ratio scale?

If the distribution is asymmetric, which measure of location is most appropriate if the data is in a nominal scale? If it is in an ordinal scale? If it is in an interval or ratio scale?



A) mode, mode, median

B) median, median, median

C) median, mean, mode

D) mean, mode, median

E) mode, median, mean



Answer: E

A frequency distribution ________.

A frequency distribution ________.



A) helps identify the presence of outliers

B) indicates the shape of the empirical distribution of the variable

C) contains the same information as the margins of a contingency table

D) A and B

E) A, B and C



Answer: E

A mathematical distribution whose objective is to obtain a count of the number of responses associated with different values of one variable as to express these counts in percentage terms is called ________.

A mathematical distribution whose objective is to obtain a count of the number of responses associated with different values of one variable as to express these counts in percentage terms is called ________.



A) sampling distribution

B) random distribution

C) frequency distribution

D) systematic distribution

E) chi-square distribution



Answer: C

When the frequency in any cell of a contingency table is low, it is ________.

When the frequency in any cell of a contingency table is low, it is ________.



A) time to stop the analysis

B) OK to ignore this and move on to finish the analysis

C) OK to proceed if the phi coefficient is used

D) time to increase the size of the table

E) time to reduce the size of the table by combining categories



Answer: E

When collecting qualitative data from social media, which of the following is(are) decision(s) that have to be made?

When collecting qualitative data from social media, which of the following is(are) decision(s) that have to be made?



A) determining the type and specification of the social media channels to be monitored

B) developing a standardization of terms, conversation types, and content types

C) establishing a standardized coding scheme

D) setting benchmarks

E) all of these are decisions that have to be made



Answer: E

Conditions of conducting fieldwork in international marketing research include which of the following?

Conditions of conducting fieldwork in international marketing research include which of the following?



A) Minimal training of overseas field workers is all that is required for success.

B) Selecting sampling units is done with stricter adherence to the sampling plan than in the United States.

C) Cheating by field workers is less of a problem.

D) Sending expatriates to collect data overseas is frequently done.

E) Local fieldwork agencies are unavailable in many countries.



Answer: E

All of the following are true EXCEPT:

All of the following are true EXCEPT:



A) Sample size is one of the major costs in a research project.

B) Sample size is directly proportional to the variance of the variable.

C) Estimates of the population variance are based on small pilot studies, related research and judgment of the researcher.

D) The researcher should disclose to the client unexpected differences between expected and actual sample standard deviations.

E) Inflating population variance estimates does not lead to inflating the sample size.



Answer: E

According to the text, the statistical approaches to determining sample size are based on confidence intervals that may involve the estimation of the ________ or ________.

According to the text, the statistical approaches to determining sample size are based on confidence intervals that may involve the estimation of the ________ or ________.



A) standard deviation; variance

B) variance; mean

C) mean; proportion

D) proportion; standard deviation

E) mode; median



Answer: C

The reason sample size for online surveys generally exceeds that determined statistically is because ________.

The reason sample size for online surveys generally exceeds that determined statistically is because ________.



A) the population variance is larger online

B) the population variance is smaller online

C) federal regulations require larger samples online

D) statistics become less relevant online because statistical theory is weaker online

E) the marginal cost of collecting and analyzing larger sample is low



Answer: E

When studying a characteristic with a ________, the researcher will have to initially contact many more people than if the characteristic has a ________.

When studying a characteristic with a ________, the researcher will have to initially contact many more people than if the characteristic has a ________.



A) low incidence rate; high incidence rate

B) low random rate; high random rate

C) high incidence rate; low incidence rate

D) high random rate; low random rate

E) low diversity; high diversity



Answer: A

The two factors that affect the task of interviewing a much larger number of respondents than originally anticipated to achieve the desired net sample are ________ and ________.

The two factors that affect the task of interviewing a much larger number of respondents than originally anticipated to achieve the desired net sample are ________ and ________.



A) standard rate; incidence rate

B) incidence rate; completion rate

C) completion rate; random rate

D) random rate; standard rate

E) tolerance rate; error rate



Answer: B

The ________ is a national measure of satisfaction with quality that provides a resource for examining the differences in satisfaction among customers of different industries by their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

The ________ is a national measure of satisfaction with quality that provides a resource for examining the differences in satisfaction among customers of different industries by their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.



A) Arbitron Rating Index

B) American Customer Satisfaction Index

C) Nielsen panel Index

D) American Regulated Index

E) J. D. Power Loyalty Index



Answer: B

In cases where the population standard deviation is unknown, it is estimated by the sample standard deviation. In this case, the standard error of the mean becomes:

In cases where the population standard deviation is unknown, it is estimated by the sample standard deviation. In this case, the standard error of the mean becomes:



A) mean / proportion

B) standard variate / standard deviate

C) the z-value

D) p (1 - p)

E) sample standard deviation / square root of sample size



Answer: E

The distribution of the values of a sample statistic computed for each possible sample that could be drawn from the target population under a specified sampling plan is called the ________.

The distribution of the values of a sample statistic computed for each possible sample that could be drawn from the target population under a specified sampling plan is called the ________.



A) confidence level

B) sampling distribution

C) normal distribution

D) standard deviation

E) standard values distribution



Answer: B

The Internet can be a good supplementary tool for training and supervising field workers in each of the following ways EXCEPT:

The Internet can be a good supplementary tool for training and supervising field workers in each of the following ways EXCEPT:



A) personal training programs can be complemented.

B) communication between supervisors and interviewers enhances supervision.

C) central office control is strengthened by being able to post progress reports on a secured web site.

D) validation of fieldwork can be easily accomplished using short e-mails.

E) selection of field workers is streamlined.



Answer: E

All of the following are mentioned in the text as indicators that should be used to evaluate interviewers on the quality of interviewing EXCEPT:

All of the following are mentioned in the text as indicators that should be used to evaluate interviewers on the quality of interviewing EXCEPT:



A) the answers to unstructured questions are summarized.

B) for structured questions, item nonresponse occurs infrequently.

C) the recorded data are legible.

D) all instructions, including skip patterns, are followed.

E) A and B



Answer: A

Which of the following is NOT an indicator that should be used to evaluate an interviewer on the quality of interviewing?

Which of the following is NOT an indicator that should be used to evaluate an interviewer on the quality of interviewing?



A) The recorded data are legible.

B) All instructions, including skip patterns, are followed.

C) The answers to unstructured questions are recorded verbatim.

D) For structured questions, item nonresponse occurs frequently.

E) The answers to unstructured questions are meaningful and complete enough to be coded.



Answer: D

To evaluate interviewers on the quality of interviewing, the supervisor ________.

To evaluate interviewers on the quality of interviewing, the supervisor ________.



A) should ask other interviewers about the interviewer in question

B) must directly observe the interviewing process

C) should ask the respondent about the qualities of the interviewer in question

D) should use a pretested questionnaire to evaluate the interviewer

E) should ask permission of the interviewer



Answer: B

To control the problems of interviewers not strictly following the sampling plan, supervisors should keep daily records of all of the following EXCEPT:

To control the problems of interviewers not strictly following the sampling plan, supervisors should keep daily records of all of the following EXCEPT:



A) the number of calls made.

B) the number of not-at-homes.

C) the number of refusals.

D) the number of completed interviews for each interviewer.

E) supervisors should keep daily records of all of the selections to control interviewers.



Answer: E

An important aspect of supervision is ________, which attempts to insure that the interviewers are strictly following the sampling plan rather than selecting sampling units based on convenience or accessibility.

An important aspect of supervision is ________, which attempts to insure that the interviewers are strictly following the sampling plan rather than selecting sampling units based on convenience or accessibility.



A) questionnaire design

B) sequential coding

C) sampling control

D) pretesting

E) insurance



Answer: C

Commonly used probes include all of the following questions EXCEPT:

Commonly used probes include all of the following questions EXCEPT:



A) "Any others?"

B) "Which of the following best describes your total annual household income?"

C) "Anything else?"

D) "Could you tell me more about your thinking on that?"

E) B and C



Answer: B

A motivational technique used when asking survey questions to induce the respondents to enlarge on, clarify, or explain their answers and to help the respondents focus on the specific content of the interview is called ________.

A motivational technique used when asking survey questions to induce the respondents to enlarge on, clarify, or explain their answers and to help the respondents focus on the specific content of the interview is called ________.



A) probing

B) sampling

C) factoring

D) recording

E) selecting



Answer: A

To the extent possible, interviewers should be selected ________ since this increases the probability of a successful interview.

To the extent possible, interviewers should be selected ________ since this increases the probability of a successful interview.



A) to emphasize a higher income class than respondents

B) to match respondents' demographics

C) to emphasize a lower income class than respondents

D) based primarily on their availability

E) based on height and weight tables



Answer: B

A researcher should implement all of the following steps when selecting field workers EXCEPT:

A researcher should implement all of the following steps when selecting field workers EXCEPT:



A) develop job specification for the project.

B) decide what characteristics the field workers should have.

C) recruit appropriate individuals.

D) All of the mentioned steps should be followed when selecting field workers.

E) A and B



Answer: D

The first step in the fieldwork process is ________.

The first step in the fieldwork process is ________.



A) the selection of field workers

B) the training of field workers

C) the supervision of field workers

D) the evaluation of field workers

E) the validation of fieldwork



Answer: A

Which of the following individuals is NOT recognized as a field worker?

Which of the following individuals is NOT recognized as a field worker?



A) an interviewer intercepting shoppers in a mall

B) a project director conducting a pretest on a questionnaire recently designed

C) a telephone interviewer calling from a central location

D) an observer counting customers in a particular section of a store

E) a worker mailing questionnaires from an office



Answer: B

The null hypothesis of equal means for more than two samples is tested by a(n) ________, which is the ratio of the mean square related to the independent variable to the mean square related to error.

The null hypothesis of equal means for more than two samples is tested by a(n) ________, which is the ratio of the mean square related to the independent variable to the mean square related to error.



A) F statistic

B) p statistic

C) t statistic

D) z statistic

E) chi-square statistic



Answer: A

In one-way ANOVA, separation of the variation observed in the dependent variable into the variation due to the independent variables plus the variation due to error is called ________.

In one-way ANOVA, separation of the variation observed in the dependent variable into the variation due to the independent variables plus the variation due to error is called ________.



A) decomposition of the total variation

B) predisposed total variation

C) total analysis of variation

D) significance of the overall effect

E) two-part variation



Answer: A

Examples of hypotheses related to paired samples include all of the following EXCEPT:

Examples of hypotheses related to paired samples include all of the following EXCEPT:



A) Shoppers consider brand name to be more important than price while purchasing fashion clothing.

B) Households spend more money on pizza than they do on hamburgers.

C) The proportion of households who subscribe to a daily newspaper exceeds the proportion subscribing to magazines.

D) The new service plan will be preferred by at least 70 percent of the customers.

E) The proportion of a bank's customers who have a checking account exceeds the proportion who have a savings account.



Answer: D

In many marketing research applications, the observations for two groups are not selected from independent samples. Rather, the observations relate to ________ in that the two sets of observations relate to the same respondents.

In many marketing research applications, the observations for two groups are not selected from independent samples. Rather, the observations relate to ________ in that the two sets of observations relate to the same respondents.



A) distributed samples

B) independent samples

C) paired samples

D) random samples

E) divergent samples



Answer: C

If the probability of F is greater than the significance level α, ________ and ________ should be used.

If the probability of F is greater than the significance level α, ________ and ________ should be used.



A) H0 is rejected; t based on "equal variances not assumed"

B) H0 is not rejected; t based on "equal variances assumed"

C) H0 is rejected; t based on "equal variances assumed"

D) H0 is not rejected; t based on "equal variances not assumed"



Answer: B

The two sets of degrees of freedom in which the F distribution depends on are the degrees of freedom in the ________ and the degrees of freedom in the ________.

The two sets of degrees of freedom in which the F distribution depends on are the degrees of freedom in the ________ and the degrees of freedom in the ________.



A) sample; questionnaire

B) numerator; denominator

C) variance; standard deviation

D) t-test; F-test

E) matrix; contingency table



Answer: B

Which of the following is NOT an example of a statement that is about a single variable against a known or given standard?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a statement that is about a single variable against a known or given standard?



A) The market share for the new product will exceed 15 percent.

B) The proportion of households with an Internet connection in the United States exceeds the proportion of those in Germany.

C) At least 65 percent of customers will like the new package design.

D) The average monthly household expenditure on groceries exceeds $500.

E) The new service plan will be preferred by at least 70 percent of the customers.



Answer: B

Which statement is not true concerning the t distribution?

Which statement is not true concerning the t distribution?



A) Compared to the normal distribution, the t distribution has more area in the tails and less in the center.

B) As the number of degrees of freedom increases, the t distribution approaches the normal distribution.

C) The t distributions are skewed to the left.

D) The population variance is unknown and is estimated by the sample variance s2.



Answer: C

The ________ is a statistic that assumes that the variable has a symmetric bell-shaped distribution and the mean is known (or assumed to be known) and the population variance is estimated from the sample.

The ________ is a statistic that assumes that the variable has a symmetric bell-shaped distribution and the mean is known (or assumed to be known) and the population variance is estimated from the sample.



A) F statistic

B) t statistic

C) z statistic

D) none of the above



Answer: B

Which of the following is the first step in hypothesis testing based on the t statistic?

Which of the following is the first step in hypothesis testing based on the t statistic?



A) Select the appropriate formula for the t statistic.

B) Take one or two samples and compute the mean.

C) Select a significance level α for testing.

D) Refer to statistical tables.

E) Formulate the null (H0) and the alternative (H1) hypotheses.



Answer: E

According to the text, all of the following are challenges faced in implementing a sampling design in international research EXCEPT:

According to the text, all of the following are challenges faced in implementing a sampling design in international research EXCEPT:



A) individuals responsible for making or influencing decision may vary.

B) in developing an appropriate sampling frame one cannot rely on high-quality secondary data as one can in developed countries.

C) equivalence of samples can elude the researcher.

D) probability sampling techniques are uncommon overseas.

E) non-governmental organizations are needed for implementing the sampling design in some countries of the world.



Answer: E

In the Harris Poll Online, which of the following procedures are NOT used to maintain the reliability and integrity in the sample?

In the Harris Poll Online, which of the following procedures are NOT used to maintain the reliability and integrity in the sample?



A) password protection

B) reminder invitations

C) sharing a summary of the survey findings is used as an incentive for respondents to participate

D) A and C

E) A, B and C are all procedures used



Answer: E

A probability sampling technique in which the sample is chosen by selecting a random starting point and then picking every ith element in succession from the sampling frame is called ________.

A probability sampling technique in which the sample is chosen by selecting a random starting point and then picking every ith element in succession from the sampling frame is called ________.



A) simple random sampling

B) snowball sampling

C) cluster sampling

D) systematic sampling

E) succession sampling



Answer: D

Which of the following is NOT a weakness of stratified sampling?

Which of the following is NOT a weakness of stratified sampling?



A) difficult to select relevant stratification variables

B) not feasible to stratify on many variables

C) expensive

D) A and C only

E) A, B, and C are weaknesses of stratified sampling.



Answer: E

Which of the following is NOT a weakness of simple random sampling?

Which of the following is NOT a weakness of simple random sampling?



A) difficult to construct sampling frame

B) expensive

C) lower precision producing samples with large standard errors

D) no assurance of representativeness

E) not easily understood



Answer: E

A nonprobability sampling technique in which an initial group of respondents is selected randomly and subsequent respondents are selected based on the referrals or information provided by the initial respondents is called ________.

A nonprobability sampling technique in which an initial group of respondents is selected randomly and subsequent respondents are selected based on the referrals or information provided by the initial respondents is called ________.



A) quota sampling

B) snowball sampling

C) stratified sampling

D) cluster sampling

E) respondent sampling



Answer: B

_____ is a nonprobability sampling technique that is a two-stage restricted judgmental sampling. The first stage consists of developing control categories of population elements. In the second stage, sample elements are selected based on convenience or judgment.

_____ is a nonprobability sampling technique that is a two-stage restricted judgmental sampling. The first stage consists of developing control categories of population elements. In the second stage, sample elements are selected based on convenience or judgment.



A) Quota sampling

B) Simple random sampling

C) Snowball sampling

D) Cluster sampling

E) Stratified sampling



Answer: A

All of the following are common examples of judgmental sampling EXCEPT:

All of the following are common examples of judgmental sampling EXCEPT:



A) test markets selected to determine the potential of a new product.

B) purchase engineers selected in industrial marketing research because they are considered to be representative of the company.

C) department stores selected to test new merchandising display.

D) mall intercept interviews conducted without qualifying the respondents.

E) bellwether precincts selected in voting behavior research.



Answer: D

All of the following are examples of convenience sampling EXCEPT:

All of the following are examples of convenience sampling EXCEPT:



A) expert witnesses used in court.

B) use of students, church groups, and members of social organizations.

C) department stores using charge account lists.

D) tear-out questionnaires included in a magazine.

E) mall intercept interviews conducted without qualifying respondents.



Answer: A

_______ is a nonprobability sampling technique that attempts to obtain a sample of convenient elements and leaves the selection of sampling units primarily to the interviewer.

_______ is a nonprobability sampling technique that attempts to obtain a sample of convenient elements and leaves the selection of sampling units primarily to the interviewer.



A) Convenience sampling

B) Snowball sampling

C) Simple random sampling

D) Systematic sampling

E) Window sampling



Answer: A

Examples of nonprobability sampling includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Examples of nonprobability sampling includes all of the following EXCEPT:



A) interviewing people at street corners.

B) interviewing people in retail stores.

C) interviewing people in malls.

D) All of the above selections are examples of nonprobability sampling.

E) A and B



Answer: D

All of the following are options in which to treat sampling frame error EXCEPT:

All of the following are options in which to treat sampling frame error EXCEPT:



A) the population can be redefined in terms of the sampling frame.

B) the representativeness of the research frame can be verified during the data collection process.

C) the data can be statistically adjusted by weighing under- or overrepresented segments to achieve a more representative sample.

D) B and C

E) A, B and C represent options to treat sampling frame error.



Answer: E

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